In Cuba the Social Attendance is a right recognized by
the Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Cuba, and it is based in
the Law of Social Security. In the 24th, 1979, setting in vigor from January,
the 1st, 1980. The System of Social Security settled down in the same
one, contemplates two regime: the Régime of Social Security, properly
said and the Régime of Social Attendance that acts from a complementary
way to the previous one and " protects old men especially; and to
all those non capable people to work and, in general to all those people
whose necessities are not assured ,or that for their conditions of life
or of health they require protection, and without help of the society
they cannot reach it (Art. 3 of the Law 24 of 1979).
The practical application of this political will is of global reach,
and it is carried out with the participation of different organisms and
institutions of the country that pay in a way or another to the development
of this human task. Its financing is made through a specific epigraph
inside the budget of the Cuban State and it has a decentralized character
in the Organos Locales del Poder Popular.
Antecedents
With the victory of the Cuban Revolution a true development of the Social
Attendance begins in Cuba, because although, it was present in the progressive
postulates of the Constitution of the 40, in the practice the benefits
that this granted, only reached to the population's small minority, located
fundamentally in the capital of the neo-colonial republic. The funds dedicated
to this activity, rather were good to enrich the shift rulers; and the
few alternatives that existed, were of private character and they had
a charitable profile.
Starting from January of 1959, diverse measures were adopted to eradicate
the mendicity and the abandonment and with it the Social Attendance began
then, in the Ministry of Social Welfare that extended this service along
the country, in the whole needy population's benefit. When dismantled
this Institution in 1962, the activity continued its development through
different mechanisms that looked for to promote the Cuban population's
social and economic development.
In the period 1962-1967 the activity becomes directed and administered
by the Control, Execution and Inspection Boarding (JUCEI); in 1972 the
Assisting Headquarter of the Social of the Ministry of Public Health is
created. Between 1967 and 1976 the Commissions of the Assistance Plan
are created in the whole country that take charge of taking the assistance
work in the whole Island with the help of the Organizations of Masses.
Already for the year 1976 it begins to organize the Social Attendance
in function of the new Political Administrative Division of the country
and of the recently approved Constitution of the Republic. In 1977 is
created the Headquarters of Assistance and Social Prevention formerly
in the State Committee of Work and Social Security; today Ministry of
Work and Social Security.
Between 1978 and 1980 the associations of handicapped people «ANCI»,
«ANSOC», and «ACLIFIM» are created that keep a
lot of relationship with this activity for their profile and action environment.
Legal foundations
With becoming of the Social Attendance inside the Cuban revolutionary
process, the activity has come being perfected, and ends up reaching the
régime category inside the Law of Social Security (Law 24/79).
This legal body picks up the basic aspects that facilitate a wide, effective
protection and in correspondence with the reality and the level of the
economic possibilities of the country; in a general way that the following
aspects of the same ones could be stood out:
- Defines the state of economic necessity as base for the grant of
the monetary benefits, considering the revenues of the family nucleus
in its group.
- Considers the situation of pensioners and workers that receive low
quantities and find the same ones insufficient to assist its essential
necessities who can receive some complementary benefit.
- Aids to family nuclei with enough revenues that can obtain some of
the benefits characteristic of the Social Attendance before certain
special circumstances. For example: in the face of an accidental loss
of goods (fire, catastrophe, etc.)
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